Rabbits are intelligent, affectionate, and social animals that can make wonderful companions when cared for properly. Though often misunderstood as low-maintenance pets, rabbits require a great deal of attention, specific housing, proper nutrition, and regular veterinary care. If you’re considering bringing a rabbit into your home—or want to improve the care of the one you already have—this guide will walk you through the essentials of rabbit ownership.
Housing and Environment
A rabbit’s living space has a significant impact on its overall well-being. Contrary to the popular image of rabbits confined to small hutches, these active animals need plenty of room to move, stretch, and play. Indoor living is typically recommended, as it provides better protection from predators, harsh weather, and disease.
A rabbit’s enclosure should be at least four times the size of the rabbit when it’s fully stretched out, and they should have access to a rabbit-proofed area of your home for daily exercise. Wire-bottomed cages should be avoided, as they can cause sore hocks (painful foot sores). Solid flooring covered with grass mats, fleece blankets, or soft bedding is ideal.
In addition to space, rabbits need stimulation. Provide tunnels, cardboard boxes, chew toys, and places to hide. Because rabbits are prone to boredom, rotating toys and rearranging their environment from time to time can help keep them mentally engaged.
Diet and Nutrition
Feeding your rabbit the right diet is crucial for its health and longevity. A rabbit’s digestive system is sensitive and requires a constant intake of fiber to stay healthy.
The cornerstone of a healthy rabbit diet is unlimited access to fresh hay, such as timothy or orchard grass. Hay helps maintain dental health by wearing down their continuously growing teeth and supports proper digestion. In addition to hay, provide a daily serving of fresh leafy greens like romaine lettuce, cilantro, kale (in moderation), and parsley.
Pellets can also be included but should be limited to about 1/4 cup per 5 pounds of body weight per day for adult rabbits. Choose high-fiber, low-protein pellets without added seeds, corn, or sugary fruits.
Fresh water should be available at all times, either in a heavy ceramic bowl or a bottle. Treats, especially those high in sugar like carrots, apples, or store-bought rabbit snacks, should be given sparingly.
Grooming and General Care
Rabbits are clean animals that groom themselves regularly, but they still benefit from regular brushing—especially long-haired breeds like Angoras or Lionheads. Brushing helps prevent matting and reduces the risk of hairballs, which rabbits cannot vomit up like cats can.
Nail trimming is another essential grooming task. A rabbit’s nails can grow quite long and should be trimmed every 4–6 weeks to prevent injury or discomfort. If you’re unsure how to do this safely, a vet or experienced rabbit groomer can help.
Litter training is relatively simple with rabbits. Most will naturally use one corner of their enclosure for waste, which makes litter boxs training straightforward. Use a rabbit-safe litter (never clumping cat litter) and place it in the area your rabbit already prefers.
Rabbits are also sensitive to extreme temperatures. Keep them indoors in a climate-controlled environment, ideally between 60–70°F (15–21°C). Avoid placing their enclosure near vents, windows, or drafts.
Socialization and Health
Rabbits are social animals that thrive on interaction. Many enjoy gentle handling and playtime with their human companions. However, they dislike being picked up suddenly or held incorrectly, which can cause stress or even injury. It’s important to learn how to approach and handle your rabbit gently and confidently.
Bonding with another rabbit is often beneficial, as they are naturally herd animals. If you’re introducing a second rabbit, do so gradually and under supervision to prevent aggression. Spaying and neutering your rabbits not only prevents unwanted litters but also reduces hormone-driven behavior and health risks like reproductive cancers.
Annual vet checkups with an exotic or rabbit-savvy veterinarian are essential. Rabbits are prey animals and tend to hide symptoms of illness, so it’s vital to be vigilant. Signs of health issues include lethargy, changes in appetite, drooling, diarrhea, or a sudden drop in weight.
Vaccinations may be necessary depending on where you live. In some countries, rabbits need protection from diseases like myxomatosis and rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD).
Living with rabbits is a deeply rewarding experience for those willing to invest the time, attention, and care these unique animals deserve. By understanding their needs and behaviors, you can ensure a healthy, happy life for your rabbit—and build a loving bond that can last for 8 to 12 years or more.
